{ "name": "Pergola history evidence register", "nameZh": "Pergola 历史证据登记", "version": "1.0", "datePublished": "2026-07-30", "dateModified": "2026-07-30", "recordCount": 8, "landingPage": "https://pergola.wiki/articles/history-and-evolution/", "description": "Eight dated, source-bounded records separating word history, archaeological reconstruction, manuscript context, named gardens, heritage structures and agricultural pergola use.", "descriptionZh": "八条带日期且限定来源范围的记录，区分词语历史、考古重建、手稿背景、具名园林、遗产构筑物及农业 pergola 用途。", "measurementTechnique": "Editorial extraction from named institutional records with direct-term-use and transfer-limit fields.", "measurementTechniqueZh": "从具名机构记录中进行编辑提取，并记录来源是否直接使用术语及迁移限制。", "variableMeasured": [ "period", "place", "subject", "evidence type", "direct term use", "reported evidence", "transfer limit", "source identifier" ], "isBasedOn": [ "https://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr/article/A9P1535", "https://pompeiisites.org/wp-content/uploads/CARTELLA-STAMPA-Partenariato-Vigneti.pdf", "https://classes.bnf.fr/candide/grand/can_171.htm", "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/gardens-in-the-french-renaissance", "https://www.loc.gov/item/ny2425/", "https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/where-to-go-at-hampstead-heath/hill-garden-and-pergola", "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1165/", "https://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-around-the-world/italy-soave-traditional-system/en" ], "evidenceBoundary": "This is a versioned editorial evidence register, not original Pergola Wiki experimental data, standards text, legal advice, a product rating, project approval or independent external review. Findings retain the named source, metric and transfer limits. No separate open-data licence is asserted.", "records": [ { "recordId": "pwh-001", "period": "Nineteenth-century French dictionary dating; Italian and Latin lineage", "periodZh": "法语词典标注为十九世纪；具有意大利语与拉丁语词源", "place": "France / Italy / Latin usage", "placeZh": "法国 / 意大利 / 拉丁语语境", "subject": "Word lineage and a light open garden or terrace structure", "subjectZh": "词源及花园或露台中的轻型开放构筑物", "evidenceType": "Institutional dictionary", "evidenceTypeZh": "机构词典", "directTermUse": true, "reportedEvidence": "The Académie records French pergola as borrowed from Italian pergola, trellis, from Latin pergula, projecting construction.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "法兰西学院记录法语 pergola 借自意大利语 pergola（藤架），并追溯至拉丁语 pergula（向外伸出的构筑物）。", "transferLimit": "A word lineage does not prove that every earlier shade or vine structure used this term or forms one continuous construction tradition.", "transferLimitZh": "词源不能证明所有更早的遮阳架或葡萄架都使用这一名称，也不能证明存在连续建造传统。", "sourceIds": [ "academie-pergola" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr/article/A9P1535" ] }, { "recordId": "pwh-002", "period": "Roman-period evidence; modern reconstruction begun in the 1980s", "periodZh": "罗马时期证据；现代重建始于二十世纪八十年代", "place": "Pompeii, Italy", "placeZh": "意大利庞贝", "subject": "Vineyard evidence and ancient pergola cultivation", "subjectZh": "葡萄园证据与古代 pergola 栽培", "evidenceType": "Archaeological-park reconstruction dossier", "evidenceTypeZh": "考古公园重建资料", "directTermUse": true, "reportedEvidence": "The Park reports reconstructions informed by vine-root cavities, pollen and wood fragments and describes ancient cultivation at pergola inside houses.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "考古公园记录依据葡萄根腔、花粉及木材残片进行重建，并描述住宅内的古代 pergola 栽培。", "transferLimit": "The dossier supports a reconstruction and agricultural-use context, not a claim that Romans invented the modern garden pergola or that the lineage is uninterrupted.", "transferLimitZh": "资料支持考古重建和农业用途背景，但不能证明罗马人发明了现代花园 Pergola，也不能证明谱系从未中断。", "sourceIds": [ "pompeii-vineyard-pergola" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://pompeiisites.org/wp-content/uploads/CARTELLA-STAMPA-Partenariato-Vigneti.pdf" ] }, { "recordId": "pwh-003", "period": "Text composed 1305–1309; surviving illustration circa 1480–1485", "periodZh": "文本作于 1305–1309 年；现存插图约作于 1480–1485 年", "place": "Italy / France manuscript transmission", "placeZh": "意大利文本 / 法国手稿传播", "subject": "Medieval agricultural and garden context", "subjectZh": "中世纪农业与园艺背景", "evidenceType": "Institutional manuscript catalogue", "evidenceTypeZh": "机构手稿目录", "directTermUse": false, "reportedEvidence": "BnF separates the agricultural treatise's composition date from the much later manuscript illumination and describes its utilitarian-garden context.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "法国国家图书馆区分农业著作的成书年代与晚得多的手稿插图年代，并说明其实用花园背景。", "transferLimit": "This record does not by itself call the illustrated branches a pergola or prove a direct medieval-to-modern lineage.", "transferLimitZh": "该记录本身没有把插图中的枝条称为 Pergola，也不能证明中世纪至现代的直接谱系。", "sourceIds": [ "bnf-crescenzi-garden" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://classes.bnf.fr/candide/grand/can_171.htm" ] }, { "recordId": "pwh-004", "period": "1560–1575 and 1560–1562", "periodZh": "1560–1575 年及 1560–1562 年", "place": "Montargis and Fontainebleau, France", "placeZh": "法国蒙塔日与枫丹白露", "subject": "Pergolas in French Renaissance gardens", "subjectZh": "法国文艺复兴园林中的 Pergola", "evidenceType": "Museum-authored art-history essay", "evidenceTypeZh": "博物馆撰写的艺术史文章", "directTermUse": true, "reportedEvidence": "The Met identifies pergolas erected for Renée de France at Montargis and Catherine de Médicis at Fontainebleau.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "大都会艺术博物馆明确记录 Renée de France 在蒙塔日及 Catherine de Médicis 在枫丹白露建造的 Pergola。", "transferLimit": "The record supports these named cases and dates, not a claim that one site invented the form or defined all Renaissance gardens.", "transferLimitZh": "记录支持这些具名案例和年代，但不能证明某一地点发明了该形式，也不能代表全部文艺复兴园林。", "sourceIds": [ "met-french-renaissance-gardens" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/gardens-in-the-french-renaissance" ] }, { "recordId": "pwh-005", "period": "Circa 1899", "periodZh": "约 1899 年", "place": "Andrew Carnegie Mansion, New York City, United States", "placeZh": "美国纽约市安德鲁·卡内基宅邸", "subject": "Stone-and-timber garden pergola", "subjectZh": "石材与木构花园 Pergola", "evidenceType": "Historic American Buildings Survey record", "evidenceTypeZh": "美国历史建筑测绘档案", "directTermUse": true, "reportedEvidence": "The HABS record documents the named pergola, materials and site relationship as an identifiable historic structure.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "HABS 档案以可识别历史构筑物的方式记录具名 Pergola、材料及场地关系。", "transferLimit": "One documented estate example does not establish the date or design of every North American pergola.", "transferLimitZh": "一个有档案的庄园案例不能确定所有北美 Pergola 的年代或设计。", "sourceIds": [ "loc-carnegie-pergola" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.loc.gov/item/ny2425/" ] }, { "recordId": "pwh-006", "period": "Early twentieth century; current conservation record", "periodZh": "二十世纪初；当前保护记录", "place": "Hampstead Heath, London, England", "placeZh": "英格兰伦敦汉普斯特德荒野", "subject": "Hill Garden and Pergola", "subjectZh": "Hill Garden and Pergola", "evidenceType": "Local-government heritage-site record", "evidenceTypeZh": "地方政府遗产页面", "directTermUse": true, "reportedEvidence": "The current official page connects the site with William H. Lever and landscape architect Thomas Mawson and records active conservation constraints.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "当前官方页面把场地与 William H. Lever 及景观设计师 Thomas Mawson 联系起来，并记录正在进行的保护限制。", "transferLimit": "The current page does not establish every construction phase, historic dimension or attribution sometimes repeated elsewhere.", "transferLimitZh": "当前页面不能证明其他资料中常被重复的每个施工阶段、历史尺寸或归属说法。", "sourceIds": [ "city-london-hill-pergola" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/where-to-go-at-hampstead-heath/hill-garden-and-pergola" ] }, { "recordId": "pwh-007", "period": "1911–1913 exhibition-ground context", "periodZh": "1911–1913 年展览场地语境", "place": "Wrocław, Poland", "placeZh": "波兰弗罗茨瓦夫", "subject": "Concrete pergola enclosing a pond", "subjectZh": "环绕水池的混凝土 Pergola", "evidenceType": "UNESCO World Heritage property statement", "evidenceTypeZh": "联合国教科文组织世界遗产说明", "directTermUse": true, "reportedEvidence": "UNESCO identifies the concrete pergola as an extant component of the Exhibition Grounds' integrated spatial composition.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "UNESCO 把混凝土 Pergola 记录为展览场地整体空间构图中仍保存的组成部分。", "transferLimit": "The pergola is part of the inscribed property; it is not separately inscribed as its own World Heritage property.", "transferLimitZh": "Pergola 是列入遗产的整体物业组成部分，并非单独列入世界遗产。", "sourceIds": [ "unesco-centennial-hall-pergola" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1165/" ] }, { "recordId": "pwh-008", "period": "Living system; GIAHS designation in 2018", "periodZh": "仍在使用的系统；2018 年列入 GIAHS", "place": "Soave, Italy", "placeZh": "意大利 Soave", "subject": "Pergola Veronese vine-training system", "subjectZh": "Pergola Veronese 葡萄训练系统", "evidenceType": "FAO agricultural-heritage system profile", "evidenceTypeZh": "联合国粮农组织农业遗产系统资料", "directTermUse": true, "reportedEvidence": "FAO describes Pergola Veronese as an iconic landscape and vine-training system requiring manual canopy management.", "reportedEvidenceZh": "FAO 把 Pergola Veronese 描述为标志性景观与葡萄训练系统，并说明其需要人工管理冠层。", "transferLimit": "Agricultural performance and terminology do not establish structural, weather or code performance for a garden building or manufactured pergola.", "transferLimitZh": "农业性能与术语不能证明花园建筑或工业 Pergola 的结构、气候或规范性能。", "sourceIds": [ "fao-soave-pergola" ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-around-the-world/italy-soave-traditional-system/en" ] } ] }